• 2024-2025: National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Medicine. Postgraduate Studies in “Clinical Hypnosis: Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications”
• 2023: CERNATEC, Research Center of Complementary Therapies, University of Sassari. Postgraduate Studies in “Clinical Hypnosis in parasympathetic tone”
• 2021-2022: National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Medicine. Postgraduate Studies in Immunology and Autoimmune Systemic Diseases and Rheumatic Diseases.
• 2020-2021: National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Medicine. Postgraduate Studies in Neurosurgery, Functional & Topographic Neuroanatomy and Nervous System Syndromes.
• 2016-2019: National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Medicine. MSc Neurotology, Study of the physiology and pathology of hearing and  vestibular, Diagnostic investigation, treatment and rehabilitation of hearing and balance pathologies, Specialized knowledge in biophysics, physiology, genetics and molecular biology.
• 2019: National Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Medicine. MSc Acoustics and Hearing, Study of the physiology and pathology of hearing.Diagnostic investigation, treatment and rehabilitation of hearing pathologies and tinnitus, Specialized knowledge in biophysics, physiology, genetics, molecular biology and cognitive sciences.
• 2013-2015: Faculty of Medicine Dimocritus University of Thrace, MSc Rhinology, Rhinosurgery, Diseases of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, Allergic Disease, Obstructive sleep apnea, Nasal and Paranasal surgery, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Septo-Rhinoplasty and Septoplasty
• 2014: 50th Graz Course on FESS / Rhinosurgery and Basics of Septo-Rhinoplasty Dept. of General ENT, Karl-Franzens-University Graz
• 2013:15th Endoscopic Ear and Skull base Surgery, Tympanoplasty, Atticotomy, Mastoeidectomy, Ossiculoplasty, National Kapodistrian University of Athens
• 2012:11th Workshop Endoscopic Nasal and Sinus Surgery, 1st ENT Clinic, University of Athens
• 2011: Postgraduate Training in Stomatology, Andreas Syggros Hospital, Stomatology Clinic
• 2012-2013: Training in Neurosurgery, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens
• 2013-2014: Training in Plastic Surgery, Rhinoplasty, Auriculoplasty, Blepharoplasty, Facial Plastic Surgery, 401 Military Hospital of Athens
• 2013: 21st Stuttgart Advanced Course for Functional & Aesthetic Rhinoplasty, Center of Plastic Surgery Department for Facial Plastic Surgery Marienhospital Stuttgart
• 2013: 11th RHINO®-Workshop Kassel, Germany
• 2013: Internationally recognized Diploma in Cosmetic Acupuncture 1st & 2nd Level, Prof. Radha Thambirajah, China
• 2014: Diploma for Acupuncture in Pain Therapy and Obesity, Prof. Zhong Qiangwei of University Tianjin, Peking
• 2015: Diploma in Auricular Neuromodulation, Diagnosis and Therapy of Stress, Anxiety, Psycho-emotional Disorders, Insomnia, Dr Giancarlo Bazzoni, Medical International Society of Auricular Acupuncture, G.S.A.T.N Italy

• 2007- 2008 General Physician, Medical Centre, Polichnitos, Mytilene
• 2008-2009 General Surgeon, General Hospital of Mytilene
• 2009-2011 Head and Neck Surgeon, General Hospital «Bostaneio»
• 2011-2013 ENT Surgeon, Diplomat in Biomedical Acupuncture, General Hospital of Thoracic Disease, Athens
• 2012-2013 Neurosurgery, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens
• 2013-2014 Plastic Surgery, 401 Military Hospital of Athens
• Scientific Medical Director of ΕΥiasis.

Efthymiou Ch, Stoumbos G, Theodorou P. “Hereditary angioedema.” Hellenic Otorhinolaryngology Vol.32 Issue 2 (E-Journal) 2011

Ch Efthymiou, G Stoumbos, P Theodorou. “Pyogenic granuloma of the nasal cavity during pregnancy. Case presentation” Hellenic Otorhinolaryngology Vol.32 Issue 1 (E-Journal) 2011

Efthymiou C, Zagora E. “A further exploration of patients with IBS in rural Crete.” Rural and Remote Health 6 (online), 2006. 626

Ch Efthymiou, G Stoumbos, P Theodorou. “Pyogenic granuloma of the nasal cavity during pregnancy.Case presentation” 16th Panhellenic Otorhinolaryngology Conference. 2011

C Efthymiou, D Giannatos, V Kapsi, “Csf Rhinorrhea and surgical repair. Case report.” 16th Pan-Hellenic ENT congress. 2011

C Efthymiou, D Giannatos, A Maarouf, V Kapsi, “Comparison of tympanoplastic surgical techniques. Our experience, indications, advantages and disadvantages.” 16th Pan-Hellenic ENT congress 2011.

C Efthymiou, A Mina, P Sotiropoulos, “Tuberculosis of the head and neck.” 16th Pan-Hellenic ENT congress 2011.

T. Vasilopoulos, C. Efthymiou, A. Papaioannou, A. Zariba, G. Arseni, A.FilalIthis, C. Lionis. “A medical students training in COPC:experiences gained from rural Crete.” European General Practice, Research Network. Kavala. 2006.

This Master’s program was organized by the University Otorhinolaryngology Clinics of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. It was held for the first time in our country, with great participation of lecturers from Europe and the United States of America.

Audiology & Neurotology deals with the study of the physiology and pathology of the auditory and vestibular systems, for diagnostic investigation, treatment, and rehabilitation of hearing, vertigo, and balance disorders in both children and adults.

It is a specialized field of study that requires specialized knowledge, combining recent developments in biophysics, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, cognitive sciences, and otosurgery, including:

1. Biophysics of the Auditory and Vestibular System

Mathematics

Real numbers (the real line, powers, roots, logarithms, introduction to the concept of dB, trigonometric numbers), Complex numbers (imaginary numbers, complex numbers, geometric representation of complex numbers), Coordinate systems, Vectors, Functions (Concept of function, function graph, basic functions: linear, logarithmic, exponential, trigonometric functions), From Algebra to Infinitesimal Calculus. (with examples from Mechanics)

Physics

Mechanics of Materials: Stress, strain, internal friction, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension, circumferential stress, fatigue, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, compliance, hysteresis curves, Hooke's law

Oscillations: Introduction to periodic phenomena, modeling of periodic phenomena with the unit cycle and uniform circular motion, linear harmonic oscillator, Energy transfer during oscillation, resistance to energy transfer, free and forced oscillation, resonance, natural frequency and how it is affected by mass and stiffness, decaying oscillations, damping, Q factor

Waves: Definition of wave, types of waves, Properties of waves, Propagation of waves, Contribution of waves, diffraction, refraction, standing waves, traveling waves

Acoustics: Physical characteristics of sound, Simple and complex sounds, types of sounds, Measurement of sound, Decibel scales, Sound transmission, diffraction, reflection, refraction of waves, Acoustic impedance, Oscillating systems and sound sources, simple strings, oscillatory devices, sound tubes, resonance, resonators, percussion, architectural acoustics. Applied acoustics to the hearing system (standing waves in the external auditory canal, the middle ear as a simple mass- spring system, the middle ear as an impedance transformer, the creation of the current wave in the basilar membrane

Electricity: Electric current, Electrical circuits, Current, voltage, resistance, Ohm's Law, resistors, capacitors, inductors, AC/DC, Basic electrical circuits, Common analog systems, microphones, amplifiers, filters, loudspeakers, transducers, electrical equivalents of mechanical systems

Signals and Systems

Introduction to Signals, Introduction to LTI systems, Frequency response of systems, Frequency characterization of signals, Signal modulation through systems, The ear as a system, The human voice as a signal and the auditory pathway as a system (filter), voice spectrum, modal frequencies, analysis of the speaking voice, digital signals and systems, biological signals, Biological signals in the cochlea and in diagnostic audiology, introduction to Praat.

Mathematical models in hearing

Concept of mathematical model, modeling stages, types of mathematical models, mathematical models in biological systems, introduction to the finite element method, mathematical modeling of the hearing system, practical training in LISA, computational simulation of the middle ear, cochlea and vestibular system

2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory and Vestibular System

Introduction to Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology (nerve cells, synapses, neurotransmitters, resting and action potentials, neuronal networks), Basic structure and organization of the Central Nervous System, Phylogenesis, Embryology and Development of the Auditory and Vestibular System, Anatomy of the ear (gross anatomy and histology of the temporal bone, microanatomy of the inner ear), Radioanatomy of the temporal bone, Cellular microarchitecture, molecular biology and homeostasis of the inner ear, Afferent and Efferent pathways of the Auditory and Vestibular System, Physiology of hearing (physiology of the middle ear, cochlea and auditory nerve, sound processing in the central auditory pathway and cortex), Physiology of Balance (physiology of the hall and semicircular canals, connections and reflexes of the vestibular nuclei), Psychoacoustics (coding of intensity, pitch and timbre and their alterations in sensorineural hearing loss, masking, critical bands)

3. Data Analysis & Research Methodology

Principles of philosophy of science (inferential and inductive reasoning, logical fallacies), Principles of Biostatistics (data categories, descriptive statistics, inductive statistics, hypothesis testing, correlation techniques), Evidence-based medicine (types of studies, levels of evidence). Research design, Data, outcome measures and statistical evaluation in Audiology and Neurootology. Research ethics and ethics (European guidelines, plagiarism issues), Project organization and management and research funding (Gantt charts, data entry and record keeping, software)

4. Introduction to Cognitive Neuroscience and Communication Sciences

Anatomical, physiological and biochemical basis of cognitive functions, Cognitive impairment, Research methods in Cognitive Sciences, Cognitive impairment and hearing loss, Neurophysiological basis and Development of normal speech, language and communication, Developmental disorders of speech and language, Assessment of language and communication, Development and Pathology of Speech and Language in children with hearing loss, the role of the Speech Therapist in approaching the child with speech delay, Cognitive behavioral therapies

5. Diseases of the auditory system (I and II)

Epidemiology of hearing loss

WHO report, Greek data

Pathophysiology of hearing loss

Conductive hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, auditory synaptopathy/neuropathy, central hearing loss

External ear diseases

Congenital anomalies, trauma, foreign bodies, otitis externa, malignant otitis externa

Middle ear diseases

Eustachian tube dysfunction, through otitis media with fluid, acute and chronic otitis media, otosclerosis, trauma, facial nerve diseases

Inner ear diseases labyrinthitis, (idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss, autoimmune hearing loss, Presbycusis, Ototoxicity, Hearing loss after noise exposure, Hearing loss from music exposure)

Diseases of the auditory nerve and central auditory pathway Synaptopathy – Acoustic neuropathy, Central auditory pathway disorders,

Temporal bone and cerebellopontine angle tumors

Non-organic hearing loss

Audiological and Otological Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Paget's Disease, Rheumatological Diseases, Metabolic Diseases, Systemic Temporal Bone Diseases

Genetics of hearing loss

Tinnitus, Hyperacusis and Hearing Loss

Psychological impact of hearing loss

Histopathology of the temporal bone

Legal issues (permissible noise exposure limits and related legislation, calculation of hearing impairment)

6. Diagnostic Audiology

Otological/Audiological history

Clinical assessment of auditory function

Tests with donors

Pneumatic otoscopy

Single tone audiometry

Conduction through air and bones

Types and categorization of audiograms, symmetry

Sound coverage

Basic principles of masking, choice of masking type, critical bands, upward spread of masking, clinical methods of masking, when masking is necessary/impossible, forward and backward masking, central masking

Speech Audiometry

Acoustic impedance audiometry

Principles of acoustic impedance, tympanometry, Jerger classification, acoustic reflex, multi-frequency tympanometry, broad spectrum tympanometry

Electrophysiology

Electrocochleography, brainstem auditory evoked potentials, medium and long latency auditory evoked potentials, steady-state auditory evoked potentials, intraoperative recording of auditory evoked potentials

Specific central auditory pathway testing tests

Speech in noise, filtered or distorted speech test, bilateral mixing test, time- compressed speech test), Otoacoustic emissions

Automatic, transiently induced, distortion products, suppression of otoacoustic emissions),

Special audiological tests

Acoustic equalization tests, audibility equalization, tone attenuation, most comfortable listening level, unpleasant listening level, Eustachian tube tests),

Audiological Testing in basic and clinical research (psychoacoustic tuning curves, audiological tests in experimental animals),

Neurophysiological evaluation of the facial nerve

Tinnitus evaluation tests

7. Pediatric Audiology

Introduction to Pediatrics (stages of child development, history, physical examination, ophthalmological and neurological assessment), Development of hearing, speech and language in children, Genetic hearing loss, Perinatal hearing loss, Craniofacial anomalies and syndromes and hearing loss, Infectious causes of childhood hearing loss, Otitis media with fluid, Central hearing loss in children, Universal neonatal hearing screening (audiological tests, investigation strategies, experience in Greece and abroad, methodological problems), Screening programs for childhood hearing loss at school age, History and physical examination of hearing-impaired newborns and children, Audiological tests in children (observation of behavior, visual amplification audiometry, toy audiometry, speech audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, auditory stimuli) dynamically) Strategy for investigating hearing loss in children (history and clinical examination, neurological and ophthalmological assessment, biochemical tests, genetic tests, imaging tests), Psychological impact of hearing loss on the hard of hearing child and the family, Genetic counseling in a family with a hard of hearing child, Hearing restoration in hard of hearing children (hearing aids, bone and cochlear implants in children, auditory sound amplification systems in the classroom) Education of children with hearing problems (sign language, bilingual-intercultural approach, oral methods, Tinnitus in childhood, Vertigo and balance disorders in childhood

8. Treatment & Rehabilitation of Hearing Loss

Room acoustics and acoustic sound reinforcement systems (environmental noise, reverberation and their problems, wired systems, inductive recycling or inductive loop systems, AM and FM radio systems, infrared systems, applications of mobile phones and other devices for people with hearing problems, communication strategies), Hearing aids: historical review, analog and digital technology, types of headphones, headphone structure and basic components, understanding the technical characteristics of hearing aids (frequency response, output characteristics, filters, intensity and frequency compression, channels, directional microphones, basic principles of placement (molds, shells), bilateral and unilateral placement, Application of hearing aids (selection methodology, algorithms for application and adjustment of hearing aids, validation and verification, application accounting, Troubleshooting. Hearing implants: indications, principles of application and adjustment (bone implants, middle ear implants, cochlear implants and brainstem implants). Surgical treatment of conductive hearing loss, (philosophy of hearing restoration with ear surgery, indications, use of prostheses). Pharmacokinetics of intratympanic administration of substances, Issues of auditory amplification in unilateral hearing loss. Use of questionnaires for the evaluation of hearing aids and implants in audiological research (outcome points). Auditory therapy (Auditory training), Basic research for the prevention and treatment of hearing loss (chemoprophylaxis, hair cell regeneration, stem cells, use of growth factors).

9. Vestibular System Disorders

Clinical Neurophysiology of the balance system (vestibular-ocular and vestibular- spinal reflex, saccadic system, Development of the balance system in the neonatal and childhood and the effects of aging, Pathophysiology of the vestibular system (acute and chronic unilateral peripheral vestibular insufficiency, mechanisms of vestibular rehabilitation, bilateral peripheral vestibular insufficiency, central lesions of the vestibular system, History and clinical examination of the patient with vertigo, Neuro-otological examination, Clinical assessment of nystagmus and balance (head roll test, head push test, dynamic visual acuity), Vestibular tests (electro- and videonystagmography, Thermal irrigation tests, rotating and oscillating bed, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, Balance (sensory organization test, motor control test, Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Meniere's disease, Vestibular neuritis, Vestibular migraine, Labyrinthine fistulas, Superior semicircular canal syndrome, Vestibular paroxysm, Motility, Neurological diseases causing vertigo and instability (stroke, CNS tumors, episodic ataxia), Movement Disorders, Psychological impact of chronic instability vertigo, Pharmacological treatment of vestibular symptoms, Rehabilitation of the vestibular system with physiotherapy, Surgical treatment of vertigo, Vestibular implants, Vestibular tests and protocols in basic and clinical research, Outcomes for the evaluation of the treatment of vertigo and balance disorders

The Master’s Program was organized by the Faculty of Medicine of the Democritus University of Thrace. It was held for the first time in our country, with a high level of participation from instructors across Europe and the United States of America.

It constitutes the first Master’s Program in Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) in Europe.

Rhinology-Rhinosurgery focuses on the study of physiology and pathology of the sinonasal system in both children and adults, aiming at the diagnostic investigation, treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses, sleep disorders, allergic disorders, as well as olfactory and gustatory (taste and smell) disorders.

It is a distinct scientific field that demands modern, specialized knowledge, combining recent advances in biophysics, physiology, genetics, molecular biology, and endoscopic surgery on the following fields:

1. Embryology - Anatomy - Histology - Physiology and Pathophysiology of the nose and paranasal sinuses.
2. Diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses: Etiopathogenesis - Symptomatology - Diagnostic approach - Therapeutic protocols

• Nasal breathing and obstruction - Disorders of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
• Rhinological problems in children
• Snoring - Sleep apnea
• Olfactory and gustatory disorders (Taste and smell disorders)
• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak
• Facial pain and headache
• Rhinological emergencies
• Diagnostic techniques for diseases of the Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
• Imaging techniques of the nose and paranasal sinuses

Surgical techniques for the management of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses

• Practical training in all modern techniques for managing pathologies of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the experimental laboratory
• Nasal septal deviation - Hypertrophy of inferior nasal turbinates
• Rhinoplasty
• Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS)
• Skull base surgery
• Training cycle in endoscopic surgery for diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in the operating room
• Training in endoscopic surgery for diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses
• Training in all modern diagnostic techniques for snoring and sleep apnea, sleep laboratory
• Research training in fields of upper respiratory tract diseases

• Athens Medical Association

• Pan-Hellenic Medical Association of Acupuncture

• Hellenic Council of Medical Acupuncture

• ICMART – International Council of Medical Acupuncture and Related techniques

• Hellenic Association of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine

• Member of the Editorial Board, Scientific Assistant
Primary Health Care Journal

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